PATIENT’S EDUCATION

A. Preoperative Instructions to Prevent Postoperative Complication

     1. Diaphragmatic Breathing - refers to a flattening of the dome of the diaphragm during

        inspiration, with resultant enlargement of the upper abdomen as air rushes in. During expiration,

         the abdominal muscles contract.

     2. Splinting when coughing                                        

     3. Leg Exercises

     4. Turning to side
     5. Getting out of bed

B. Pain Management

Cognitive Coping Strategies

     Cognitive strategies may be useful for relieving tension, overcoming anxiety, decreasing fear, and

     achieving relaxation. Examples of such strategies include the following:

• Imagery—The patient concentrates on a pleasant experience or restful scene.
• Distraction—The patient thinks of an enjoyable story or recites a favorite poem or song.
• Optimistic self-recitation—The patient recites optimistic thoughts (“I know all will go well”).

C. Preoperative Psychosocial Interventions

     1. Reducing preoperative anxiety

     2. Decreasing fear

     3. Respecting Cultural, Spiritual, and Religious Beliefs

D. General Preoperative Nursing Intervention

     1. Managing Nutrition and Fluids

     2. Preparing the Bowel for Surgery

     3. Preparing the skin

E. Immediate Preoperative Nursing Interventions